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Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue

Qin WANG, Chunmei GENG, Sihua LU, Wentai CHEN, Min SHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 66-76 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0428-5

摘要： Experiments were performed to measure the emission factors ( s) of gaseous carbonaceous species, such as CO , CO, CH , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), from the combustion of five types of coal of varying organic maturity and two types of biomass briquettes under residential burning conditions. Samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and were analyzed by GC–FID/MS and HPLC, respectively. The s from crop residue briquette burning were generally higher than those from coals, with the exception of CO . The dominant NMVOC species identified in coal smoke were carbonyls (41.7%), followed by C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons (29.1%) and aromatics (12.1%), while C2 unsaturated hydrocarbons were the dominant species (68.9%) emitted from the combustion of crop residue briquettes, followed by aromatics (14.4%). A comparison of burning normal crop residues in stoves and the open field indicated that briquettes emitted a larger proportion of ethene and acetylene. Both combustion efficiency and coal organic maturity had a significant impact on NMVOC s from burning coal: NMVOC emissions increased with increasing coal organic maturity but decreased as the combustion efficiency improved. Emissions from the combustion of crop residue briquettes from stoves occurred mainly during the smoldering process, with low combustion efficiency. Therefore, an improved stove design to allow higher combustion efficiency would be beneficial for reducing emissions of carbonaceous air pollutants.

关键词： residential combustion     coal     crop residue briquette     emission factors     gaseous carbonaceous species    

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Significance of using isolated footing technique for residential construction on expansive soils

Harry FAR,Deacon FLINT

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 123-129 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0372-8

摘要： Expansive soils cause problems with the founding of lightly loaded structures in many parts of the world. Foundation design for expansive soils is one of the most discussed and problematic issues in Australia as expansive soils were responsible for billions of dollars’ worth of damage to man-made structures such as buildings and roads. Several studies and reports indicate that one of the most common and least recognized problems causing severe structural damage to houses lies in expansive soils. In this study, a critical review has been carried out on the current Australian standards for building on expansive soils and they are compared with some techniques that are not included in the current Australian standards for residential slabs and footings. Based on the results of this review, the most effective and economical method has been proposed for construction of footings on all site classifications without restriction to 75mm of characteristic movement. In addition, it has become apparent that as design procedures for footings resting on sites with extreme characteristic movements are not included in the current Australian standards, there is a strong need for well-developed and simplified standard design procedures for characteristic soil movement of greater than 75mm to be included into the Australian Standards.

关键词： expansive soils     residential slabs     isolated footings     Australian Standards    

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Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin

Jihong LING,Luhui ZHAO,Jincheng XING,Zhiqiang LU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 513-520 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0327-5

摘要： To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m /a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m ·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m ·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m ·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.

关键词： energy intensity     indoor thermal comfort     residential building     survey     statistical analysis     energy conversation    

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DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 211-216 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0351-0

摘要： With the latest introduction of the demand side management (DSM) in smart grids, the power distribution units are able to modify the load schedules of the consumers. This involves a co-operative interaction of the utility and the consumers so as to achieve customer load modifications in which the customer, utility and society all are benefited. The interaction is performed with the help of the devices known as the smart meter. This paper shows the use of game theory and logical mathematical expressions in order to achieve the objectives. The objectives are to minimize the peak to average ratio (PAR) and the energy cost. The outcome of the game between supplier and customers helps to shape the load profile. The design proposed in this paper is very user-friendly and is based on simple logarithmic programming computations. In this paper, residential, commercial and industrial types of loads are taken into account. A basic 24 h load schedule along with the fluctuating prices at each hour of the day is forecasted by the supplier of the various shiftable and non-shiftable loads and then that schedule is conveyed to the user. The users are encouraged to shift their high load devices to off-peak hours which will not only reduce their electricity costs but also substantially reduce the PAR in the load demand.

关键词： demand side management (DSM)     smart grids     peak to average ratio (PAR)     smart meters and logarithmic price function    

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A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad

Masoud Taheri SHAHRAEIN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 490-497 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0068-4

摘要： Polyvinylchloride (PVC) panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings. It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran, such as Mashad. In this study, the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h. In addition, the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone. The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse (fifth level) of the investigated building, which is about 3.7% and 7% for studied methods of without and with air layer, respectively. In addition, although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads, the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption. However, the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation, but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building, when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.

关键词： residential apartments     natural ventilation     energy consumption     decorative materials     Mashad    

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Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 540-545 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0264-2

摘要： Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

关键词： consumption energy use    

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End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 322-334 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0329-3

摘要： In this paper, the end-use efficiencies of the different energy carriers and the overall energy efficiency in the Nigerian residential sector (NRS) were estimated using energy and exergy analysis. The energy and exergy flows were considered from 2006 to 2011. The overall energy efficiency ranges from 19.15% in 2006 to 20.19% in 2011 with a mean of (19.96±0.23)% while the overall exergy efficiency ranges from 4.34% in 2006 to 4.40% in 2011 with a mean of (4.31±0.059)%. The energy and exergy efficiency margin was 15.58% with a marginal improvement of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively when compared with previous results. The contribution of the energy carriers to the total energy and exergy inputs were 1.45% and 1.43% for electricity, 1.95% and 3% for fossil fuel and 96.6% and 95.57% for bio-fuel. The result shows that approximately 65% of the residence use wood and biomass for domestic cooking and heating, and only a fraction of the residence have access to electricity. LPG was found to be the most efficient while kerosene, charcoal, wood and other biomass the least in this order. Electricity utilization exergy efficiency is affected by vapor-compression air conditioning application apart from low potential energy applications. In addition, this paper has suggested alternatives in the end-use application and has demonstrated the relevance of exergy analysis in enhancing sustainable energy policies and management and improved integration techniques.

关键词： end-use     energy     exergy efficiency     residential sector     Nigeria    

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Field measurements on microclimate in residential community in Guangzhou, China

Zhuolun CHEN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG, Changshan WANG, Yongchao ZHAI, Fei WANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 462-468 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0066-6

摘要： Taking a certain housing in Guangzhou as an example, we conduct the field measurement of the microclimate at fixed points for air temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature and wind speed, etc. We investigate the effects of manmade lake, shade of trees and ground surface character on outdoor thermal environment, and make a quantitative analysis on the weighting position of the landscape design factors in design behavior. The study intends to explore a method to improve the thermal environment of residential quarters by changing the corresponding factors.

关键词： microclimate     outdoor thermal environment     air temperature     black globe temperature     wind speed    

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Energy efficiency of rural residential buildings: a sustainable case study in Daping Village, Sichuan

Jiaping LIU, Rongrong HU, Liu YANG, Dalong LIU, Runshan WANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 117-121 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0081-2

摘要： A new type of rural residential building that is ecological, energy efficient and comfortable was designed. Research on the new building was sponsored by the Post-disaster Reconstruction Project in Daping Village, Sichuan Province. Based on field investigation and quantitative analysis, an appropriate design strategy and technology is presented, including climatic design strategies, local material use and building energy simulation.

关键词： rural residential building     energy efficiency     sustainability    

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既有居住建筑节能改造外部性及其量化研究

赵琰,刘晓君

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第10期   页码 100-105

摘要：

既有商品住宅节能改造具有一定程度的外部性，阻碍了节能改造的深入开展。通过分析节能改造外部性的产生原因和外部性表现，建立外部性测算方法，为外部性内部化，构建节能改造外部性偿还机制提供必要依据。采用经济学理论与方法对既有商品住宅节能改造外部性的产生和表现等进行了分析，在识别外部性供体与受体的基础上，提出了节能改造外部性的测算方法。通过案例分析论证了外部性测算方法的适用性。结果表明，应减轻或消除外部性对节能改造的影响，采取必要手段将节能改造外部性内部化，构建统一的节能改造外部性测算方法，建立节能改造外部性偿还与节能量交易机制。

关键词： 既有商品住宅     节能改造     外部性     测算    

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Economic Analysis of Residential Distributed Solar Photovoltaic

Xi Luo,Jia-ping Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 125-130 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015031

摘要： Under the huge challenges of global energy conservation, emission reduction and energy security, distributed solar photovoltaic industry has become the key means to achieve economic restructuring and low carbon economy. Based on System Advisor Model software, the authors choose Baoji as the sample plot. Household load, unit investment, loan interest rate and loan fraction are used as influence factors to analyze the economic benefits of distributed solar photovoltaic in China. The result demonstrates that government incentives help to increase the profitability of distributed solar photovoltaic by a large extent; other factors that influence the profitability includes household load, unit investment cost, loan interest rate and loan fraction.

关键词： distributed solar photovoltaic     internal rate of return     price ladder     government incentives    

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Survey of thermal comfort in residential buildings under natural conditions in hot humid and cold wet

Changhai PENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 503-511 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0095-1

摘要： Comfort standards (ISO 7730, ASHRAE 55) specify the exact physical criteria for producing acceptable thermal environments, such as temperature, air movement, and humidity limits. These, however, are often difficult to comply with, particularly in hot humid and cold wet seasons in Nanjing, China. Changing expectations of comfort is important in evaluating comfort, since naturally conditioned buildings in Nanjing are not typically air-conditioned. For this objective, a field study was conducted during the summer of 2000 and the winter of 2001. A total of 600 participants each answered a subjective questionnaire. Analyzing these field data shows that in natural conditions, the influence of gender and age on people’s thermal sensations is insignificant compared with six main variables. In addition, people’s thermal discomfort rapidly increases along with growth in relative humidity. Further, the variation of people’s hot or cold sensations is in proportion to that of air movement, and the effect in winter is greater than that in summer. The range of acceptable temperatures in hot humid and cold wet Nanjing is between 14.14°C and 29.42°C.

关键词： thermal comfort     naturally conditioned     hot humid     cold wet     Nanjing    

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Carbon emission analysis of a residential building in China through life cycle assessment

Yin ZHANG,Xuejing ZHENG,Huan ZHANG,Gaofeng CHEN,Xia WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 150-158 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0684-7

摘要： In this paper, a quantitative life cycle model for carbon emission accounting was developed based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) theory. A residential building in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city (Tianjin, China) was selected as a sample, which had been constructed according to the concept of green environmental protection and sustainable development. In the scenario of this research, material production, construction, use and maintenance, and demolition phases were assessed by building carbon emission models. Results show that use and maintenance phase and material production phase are the most significant contributors to the life cycle carbon emissions of a building. We also analyzed some factor influences in LCA, including the thickness of the insulating layer and the length of building service life. The analysis suggest that thicker insulating layer does not necessarily produce less carbon emissions in the light of LCA, and if service life of a building increases, its carbon emissions during the whole life cycle will rise as well but its unit carbon emission will decrease inversely. Some advices on controlling carbon emissions from buildings are also provided.

关键词： life cycle assessment     carbon emission     factor influence analysis    

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Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study

Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 688-698 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0559-3

摘要： Reforms of the water pricing management system and the establishment of a flexible water pricing system are significant for cities in northern China to tackle their critical water issues. The WATAP (Water conservation Technology Adoption Processes) model is developed in order to capture the water conservation technology adoption process under different price scenarios with disaggregate water demands down to the end use level. This model is explicitly characterized by the technological selection process under maximum marginal benefit assumption by different categories of households. In particular, when households need to purchase water devices in the provision market with the consideration of complex factors such as the life span, investment and operating costs of the device, as well as the regulated water price by the government. Applied to Tianjin city, four scenarios of water price evolutions for a long-term perspective (from year 2011 to 2030) are considered, including BAU (Business As Usual), SP1 (Scenario of Price increase with constant annual rate), SP2 (Scenario of Price increase every four years) and SP3 (Scenario of Price increase with affordable constraint), considering many factors such as historic trends, affordability and incentives for conservation. Results show that on aggregate 2.3%, 11.0% and 18.2% of fresh water can be saved in the residential sector in scenario SP1, SP2 and SP3, respectively, compared with the BAU scenario in the year 2030. The water price signals can change the market shares of different water appliances, as well as the water end use structure of households, and ultimately improve water use efficiency. The WATAP model may potentially be a helpful tool to provide insights for policy makers on water conservation technology policy analysis and assessment.

关键词： technology selection     model optimization     water price     scenario analysis     consumer behavior    

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State identification of home appliance with transient features in residential buildings

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 130-143 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0822-z

摘要： Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is crucial for extracting patterns of electricity consumption of household appliance that can guide users’ behavior in using electricity while their privacy is respected. This study proposes an online method based on the transient behavior of individual appliances as well as system steady-state characteristics to estimate the operating states of the appliances. It determines the number of states for each appliance using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) method and models the transition relationship among different states. The states of the working appliances are identified from aggregated power signals using the Kalman filtering method in the factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM). Thereafter, the identified states are confirmed by the verification of system states, which are the combination of the working states of individual appliances. The verification step involves comparing the total measured power consumption with the total estimated power consumption. The use of transient features can achieve fast state inference and it is suitable for online load disaggregation. The proposed method was tested on a high-resolution data set such as Labeled hIgh-Frequency daTaset for Electricity Disaggregation (LIFTED) and it outperformed other related methods in the literature.

关键词： nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM)     load disaggregation     online load disaggregation     Kalman filtering     factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM)     Labeled hIgh-Frequency daTaset for Electricity Disaggregation (LIFTED)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Emission factors of gaseous carbonaceous species from residential combustion of coal and crop residue

Qin WANG, Chunmei GENG, Sihua LU, Wentai CHEN, Min SHAO

期刊论文

Significance of using isolated footing technique for residential construction on expansive soils

Harry FAR,Deacon FLINT

期刊论文

Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin

Jihong LING,Luhui ZHAO,Jincheng XING,Zhiqiang LU

期刊论文

DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

期刊论文

A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad

Masoud Taheri SHAHRAEIN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG

期刊论文

Nudging sustainable consumption of residential energy use: A behavioral economics perspective

期刊论文

End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

期刊论文

Field measurements on microclimate in residential community in Guangzhou, China

Zhuolun CHEN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG, Changshan WANG, Yongchao ZHAI, Fei WANG,

期刊论文

Energy efficiency of rural residential buildings: a sustainable case study in Daping Village, Sichuan

Jiaping LIU, Rongrong HU, Liu YANG, Dalong LIU, Runshan WANG,

期刊论文

既有居住建筑节能改造外部性及其量化研究

赵琰,刘晓君

期刊论文

Economic Analysis of Residential Distributed Solar Photovoltaic

Xi Luo,Jia-ping Liu

期刊论文

Survey of thermal comfort in residential buildings under natural conditions in hot humid and cold wet

Changhai PENG

期刊论文

Carbon emission analysis of a residential building in China through life cycle assessment

Yin ZHANG,Xuejing ZHENG,Huan ZHANG,Gaofeng CHEN,Xia WANG

期刊论文

Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study

Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG

期刊论文

State identification of home appliance with transient features in residential buildings

期刊论文